It's Square
5x5cm, and the missions repeat it with emphasis.
Israeli missions ask for "two recent duplicate passport photos, color against a white background, with full front view of face, measuring 5x5 cm". The same page then repeats the figure twice more, as "a current photograph (5 x 5 cm!)" and "1 recent passport photo in the size 5 x 5 cm! (American format)".
Those exclamation marks are on the mission's own page. An office does not punctuate a measurement like that unless it keeps receiving something else.
What it keeps receiving is presumably the 35x45mm rectangle used across Europe and most of the Middle East. This page used to describe that rectangle too, and it was wrong — corrected on 17 August 2026.