Captured at the Counter
The photo is normally taken as part of applying.
A Czech passport application is made in person at a municipal office with extended jurisdiction, and photographs and signatures are now taken directly at the counter as part of that appointment — so you do not need to bring a photo with you. The official photographs you, takes your fingerprints and captures your digital signature in one sitting.
There is one documented exception: a passport issued without biometric data. If that is what you are applying for, you do need to supply your own photograph.
This is the same model as Portugal's Loja do Cidadão and Sweden's Polisen offices. It makes the process simpler but it also means a photo you prepared at home may never be used — so the useful first step is confirming what your office expects rather than paying for prints.
